Chapter Free Essays

After the plague had already been unleashed in Europe, one of the first reactions was people believing that God had unleashed the deadly disease, as depicted in Giovanni Ceramic’s (Doc 3) illustration of angels, coming down from the heavens, delivering their arrows of death unto the people. Sarcasms acknowledges that some people were able to escape the arrow of the Black Death in the description of his illustration. As an apothecary, it makes sense hat he views the plague as being delivered by arrows, because normally disease does not affect everyone. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disease, like arrows bypass those who are immune and strike those that are not immune. Another depiction of the plague by an anonymous source (Doc 6) illustrates that a divine entity was delivering the plague to those on earth. The common belief that God caused the plague shows how many people were religious and believed in God and thought that He was punishing them. An alternate view of the plague was blame. Many people blamed the Jews, hill others blamed God and beat themselves in hopes of God intervening. Biochip (Doc 2) discusses that people would torture themselves, the Flagellants, in hopes of God’s mercy. This response to the plague was very erratic but somewhat logical because even though they beat themselves, it was for a reason, a call for God’s help. With a humanistic point of view, Biochip believes that there is a more scientific approach to conquering the plague instead of hoping God will come down from the heavens and intervene and help the Flagellants. On the other hand, many people blamed the Jews, for instance when they were cremated in Strasbourg, Germany on Valentine’s Day (Doc 7) where the Jews were alleged to have poisoned the water supply, in which case they were all burned. This response was made out of hatred, the Jews were a scapegoat because no one really knew how the plague came to be. Many people acted angrily and erratically in hopes Of ending the plague which ended in even more death. The Black Plague had a major effect on the population in Europe at the time it ravaged through the continent. The pre-plague population (Doc 9) in Europe was approximately 83 million, but after the plague ran its course, the population subsequently decreased to 60 million. The plague had a major pros and cons to it. A pro would be the fact that it led to the Renaissance Era; while a con would be the major loss of life in Europe. The most popular place of death or where most people died (Doc 8) would be the Holy Roman Empire followed by France. The significance of the amount of death in these two areas is important because it allows us to recognize that these two areas had he worst overpopulation, living conditions, famine, or economic depression over all of Europe. Even though the plague was a traumatic and insane experience for those who lived through the Bubonic Plague, but without the plague, perhaps the most important era that led to the spread of information, knowledge, and prosperity. People today are able to look how people during the plague responded to disease and now are able to use their reactions to guide future reactions and help resolve the problems people faced back then. How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays During the crisis, the â€Å"amount of debt that needed to be structured posed a seemingly insurmountable challenge,† he writes in the article. At one point, a whopping â€Å"$3. 5 trillion of corporate debt was distressed or in default. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now [Between] 2008 and 2009, $1. 8 trillion worth of public company assets entered chapter 11 bankruptcy protection† almost 20 times more than during the prior two years. † A significant portion of the private equity industry, was â€Å"widely believed to be on the verge of extinction. Instead, in a relatively short time, much of the corporate debt that defaulted during the financial crisis has been managed down, mass quotations have been averted, and corporate profits, balance sheets, and values have rebounded with remarkable speed. Even Lehman Brothers, the largest and most complicated bankruptcy in US history, emerged from Chapter 11 with a confirmed plan of reorganization In only three and a half years. Because of Chapter 11 and the expertise of IIS restructuring professionals who advise troubled companies, America’s economic recovery has been far speedier than Rupee’s, where bankruptcy laws tend to favor immediate payback of creditors. Many countries around the world have bankruptcy laws that primarily seek to liquidate distressed companies. The emphasis Is on reimbursing creditors, or protecting particular stakeholders such as employees, rather than doing what’s necessary to rehabilitate the business. According to Gilson, this provides compelling evidence that US bankruptcy laws and restructuring practices have played a critical role in driving the economic recovery and restoring the competitiveness of US companies. Chapter 1 g’s evolution Despite much criticism of Chapter 11 as too costly, slow, or inequitable, managers and financiers working with distressed companies in Chapter 11 have evolved and adapted to deal with large, complex cases. During the asses and ‘ass, Drexel Burnham Lamberts Michael Milkmen carved out new ways to restructure large amounts of publicly traded debt. Gigolo’s research suggests that the total costs associated with Milkman’s method of reorganizing troubled companies were as little as I OFF Milkmen era, Gilson points to a hybrid approach that has blurred the line between Chapter 11 and restructuring, offering alternatives to â€Å"free-fall† bankruptcy. Prepackaged and preponderated bankruptcy combine the most attractive features of Chapter 11 and out-of-court restructuring. In prepackaged bankruptcy, companies negotiate restructuring plans with creditors, gathering formal votes prior to filing for bankruptcy so they can enter Chapter 1 1 with a reorganization plan and disclosure statement already in place. (In 2009, prepackaged bankruptcies accounted for $124 billion corporate assets filing for Chapter 1 1, including CIT Group, Six Flags, Lear Corp†¦ And Charter Communications. ) In a preponderated Chapter 1 1, firms don’t formally solicit votes but rather ask key creditors to sign a â€Å"lock-up† agreement promising to vote for the plan once the firm is in Chapter 11. The advantage of either type of filing is that it allows companies to avoid steep costs associated with spending months in bankruptcy court and to take advantage of Chapter 1 g’s more lenient voting rules, minimizing the holdout problem tha t can frustrate attempts to restructure out of court. Companies also increasingly using Chapter 11 to expeditiously sell off assets. Section 363 of the US Bankruptcy Code allows a bankrupt company to sell assets in a competitive auction overseen by the court; assets purchased this way are also less vulnerable to subsequent legal challenges. This option has always existed, Gilson says, but it’s been used more often in recent years so asset-rich companies that are cash poor can raise money. In 2001, American Airlines acquired the assets of bankrupt TWA using this approach. More recently, Section 363 sales played a key role in some of the largest and most complex bankruptcies of the financial crisis, including General Motors and Lehman Brother. Gilson said that Chapter 1 1 gives troubled companies other valuable options for raising cash. While operating in Chapter 1 1, a company is freed from paying interest n its pre-bankruptcy debts. Section 365 of the Bankruptcy Code allows the company to reject unprofitable leases. And through so-called debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing, new lenders are given priority in the capital structure. This is a critical incentive because it spurs banks and other creditors to lend to companies in Chapter 11 by giving them senior status, effectively letting them stand in front of pre-existing creditors. (American did not need such debtor-in-possession financing. United and Delta together raised almost $3. 5 billion in DIP financing in their bankruptcies. Some argue that putting earlier investors at the back of the line is unfair, but Gilson says that giving a distressed company access to new cash can increase its chances of paying back more investors overall. It’s about increasing the size of the pie available to all the firm’s stakeholders. † Not a universal solution But according to Gilson Chapter 11 isn’t the answer for all companies. It might yield big benefits for commercial airlines and retail chains, which typically lease a large fraction of their assets, and for steel- and automakers that have large unionized resource, which will give them greater leverage to renegotiate collective bargaining agreements. But Chapter 11 will be less beneficial for companies where the â€Å"stigma† of bankruptcy is apt to scare off customers and suppliers, or for banks and other financial firms that have large liabilities under derivatives contracts, which, unlike most debts, are not frozen by a bankruptcy filing. Reality Corp†¦ , featured in Gigolo’s outside of bankruptcy court. One of the world’s largest real-estate companies, Reality was acquired in the spring of 2007 by the private equity firm Apollo Management in a $7 billion leveraged buyout. The buyout came at the peak of the US housing boom, and the company was struggling to manage its $6 billion debt load. As the housing and mortgage market collapsed, Reality scrapped to pay more than $600 million in annual interest. With a total debt of $6. 6 billion in 2010, the company decided to restructure out of court instead of filing for Chapter 11 for several reasons, Gilson says. First, most of Realtors operating cash flows were from franchise agreements with local real-estate agencies, and a Chapter 11 filing could have critically damaged relations with the agencies. Second, its workforce was not unionized. Finally, the appearance of â€Å"giving up† through bankruptcy could have sent a signal to Apollo limited partners†and to its competitors†that the firm wasn’t â€Å"willing to support its less successful investments, undermining future fund-raising efforts or its ability to restructure other portfolio companies,† Gilson writes. While the jury is still out on the restructuring, Gilson says Reality is seeking opportunities to grow the business, and â€Å"operating improvements made during the restructuring have positioned the company to take full advantage of any recovery in real-estate values. † How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays A model Is an abstraction of a real system. True + False Question 2 2/ 2 points True or False? In a discrete-event simulation, an event is an interaction between objects in the system. Question 3 2/ 2 points True or False? Meteorologists often use multiple simulated models, which make different assumptions, to predict the weather. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now True* Question 4 2/ 2 points True or False? The most common application of computer graphics in modern operating systems is the graphical user interface. True+ Question 5 2/ 2 points True or False? In computer graphics, knit cloth and woven cloth should move and drape In the same way. True False* Question 6 2/ 2 points Which of the following best describes a simulation in which the model is viewed at uniform time intervals? A) discrete-event b) concrete c) abstract e) continuous Question 7 2/ 2 points Which of the following best describes a model that represents a real environment, such as a flight simulator? A) time-driven b) discrete-event c) continuous d) concrete + e) abstract Question 8 2/ 2 points Which of the following best describes a simulation that expresses change in terms of a set of differential equations? A) concrete c) time-driven d) continuous + Question 9 2/ 2 points Which of the following describes the angle at which a human looks at a mirror? B) transposition vector c) normal vector d) reflection vector e) light vector Question 10 2/ 2 points Which of the following is NOT a game genre or a game submerge? A) strategy games b) life-simulation games c) role-playing games d) action games. How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays Why? Found it really interesting that Gerry had Stan tell so many early recollections in a row without spending time talking about them individually. This technique makes sense so that the stories form a pattern, but it was surprising to me. The most interesting aspect of the early recollections that Stan spoke of, was that he felt that all the past memories were not as emotional as the one with the kitten. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would have expected being yelled at in very memory would have been a saddening realization. But, the memories, other than the one about the kitten, were ones he had already thought about prior to the session, so maybe he had already processed the emotions of them in a way. If you were counseling Stan from this particular theoretical framework, what is one additional technique you might use? What would you hope to accomplish with this intervention? I would have encouraged Stan to make the connection of his memories of his parents being all filled with anxiety and yelling, and ask if those memories reflect anything in his current relationship with them. If you were the client, how would you be likely to respond to the therapist’s (Jersey’s) comments and interventions in this particular session? If I were Stan would have been very interested in the connections between my early memories and my present life. I would be exited to write down more memories in hopes of finding even more connections to current views, thoughts, or habits. Connections, like these, are fascinating. How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays In 1 966 the gate ticket revenues mainly paid for player’s wages and with the commercial television of Ames global audiences and fan bases grew. In 2009 clubs such as real Madrid, Manchester united and Barcelona became lucrative deals for investors. However, the investment model for football clubs changed and many investors started leveraging the investments through massive amounts of debt. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many clubs in the UK were public limited companies and were listed on the stock exchange but recently many have been brought into private ownership again through private equity. Bankruptcies and corruption scandals have raised questions to whether many football clubs have been able to have a smooth transition into the repressions business world. A clubs livelihood is directly related to their fan base (spectators, TV audiences, or consumers of merchandise) but over the past decade the average attendance to the English Premier League matches has stagnated and younger people have been wary to attend. With high prices for tickets, fans have been feeling alienated by the players’ wages and TV scheduling has greatly fuelled the feeling that football is no longer a fan’s game but a business oriented way of generating revenue for owners. Between 1 996 and 2006, the seventy-two clubs of the English Football League add a pre-tax loss of IEEE m; in comparison, the other leagues clubs, that were predominantly owned by fans, made Emma operating profit through higher attendance at lower ticket prices. Recently initiatives, such as Supporters Direct, have addressed the fans’ interests more directly. They have also been involving themselves in various social projects in the community (usually addressing social exclusion, unemployment, or anti-social behavior). These clubs have created community schemes that often partner with fans, police, and local council. However, clubs such as Real Madrid and FCC Barcelona are member-owned, democratic, and not-for-profit organizations and have leaderships that are accountable to the people who watch and pay. The All party Parliamentary Football Group published three recommendations to improve governance in the industry, these included: A ‘fit and proper persons test’ for the management and ownership of clubs Supporter-led governance and, Nurture Eng domestic talent. With these recommendations given, a Stewardship Scorecard, developed by CAR think-tank tomorrow’s company, ranked clubs on various criteria such as putting the club first’ and â€Å"engagement with fans and the community’. Overall football is still dependent on a constant fan base since they are far less likely to switch allegiances due to poor performance. Ethical Dilemma: Who cares whose shares? 1. What is the main ethical issues in this case? The main issue is whether or not you should tell Freddie to sell his shares of Parchment (PC) because there will be a report published in Big Science magazine that could effect that shares negatively. This is considered insider trading and is illegal. There are four main ethical arguments that used against insider: fairness, misappropriation to property, harm to investors and the market and undermining of fiduciary relationships (Crane Matted, 2010). By telling Freddie, you would be giving himself and his clients an unfair advantage over other investors, he would also give up information of PC’s privately documented information and knowledge without PC knowing meaning that he is BPCS property is being shared without knowledge. Harm would come to investors and the market because if everyone of Fireside’s linens decide to sell their shares then other investors’ stocks would decrease and leave others, including the company, wondering why the stocks dropped so much before the release of the report. Your fiduciary responsibility to the company and other shareholders should be one of the most important things since you are an employee of PC as well. 2. Who are the main stakeholders here, and how would you compare the relative importance of their stakes? The main stakeholders in the company are the shareholders the employees that don’t have shares and the product users. From a humanitarian respective, the product users, whose health and safety are at risk by using product, would be considered the most important stakeholder, and then followed by the employees and then shareholders. From the business aspect the shareholders are the main stakeholders and then the employees and the product users would equally important. This is because the company will most likely not notice a change if a small amount of customers stop using the product. 3. Explain how you would ultimately decide and why. Would not tell Freddie about it because I would rather have a friend mad at e then to end up going to jail/be fined for insider trading by the company. Loud also not tell him because if it were to get out then my reputation for good work habits and judgment would be affected if I ever looked for another job or wanted to be promoted within PC. 4. Is there a difference between acting yourself on the information you were given and passing this information on to Freddie. Yes there is a difference because you aren’t sharing company information with anyone so if you do end up selling your shares, and the stocks do not go own, then you would only be hurting yourself and not effec ting other investors. How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays Emancipation Proclamation announcement made by president Lincoln during the Civil War; emancipated all black slaves in States still engaged in rebellion against Union; went into affect January 1, 1863. Fort Sumter – a fort located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina; the location of the start of the Civil War. George B. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now McClellan – commander of the Army of the Potomac and general of the war. Gettysburg a battle of which was fought from July 1-3, 1863; Lee withdrew from this battle July 4th (the same day as the surrender of Vicksburg). Greenbacks – paper currency. Homestead Act – allowed citizen (or prospective) to claim 1 60 acres and buy it or a small price after 5 years of living on it. Jefferson Davis – the â€Å"president† of confederacy; was unsuccessful; rarely provided any leadership. March to the Sea – sixty mile wide swath of desolation across Georgia; Sherman left Atlanta and destroyed towns and plantations through Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Morris Land Grant Act – transferred substantial public accuracy to state governments to sell and profits went to public education. Robert E. Lee – opposed secession; left US army to lead confederate forces. Shiloh – Grant, with new troops, recovered and forced Beauregard to withdraw; union victory. Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson – confederate army leader; defeated 2 union armies by charging course suddenly and slipped away. Ulysses S. Grant – constant, unrelenting assault (military); willing to fight when others wouldn’t; presided over some of the worst carnage. US Sanitary Commission – organization of volunteers led by Dorothy Dig that embroiled large numbers of female nurses to serve in field hospitals. William Outcomes Sherman – led â€Å"march to the sea†; â€Å"war is all hell†; war should be as horrible and costly for the opponent. Questions: 1 . (Chart is on notebook paper attached) 2. Out Carolina- Deck. 20, 1860 Mississippi- Jan. 9, 1861 Florida- Jan. 10, 1861 Alabama- Jan. 19, 1861 Georgia- Jan. 19, 1861 Louisiana- Jan. 26, 1861 Texas- Feb.. 1, 1861 Virginia- April 17, 1861 Arkansas- May 6, 1861 North Carolina- May 20, 1861 Tennessee- June 2, 1861 3. The Accredited Compromise included 6 amendments and 4 congressional resolutions to guarantee permanent slavery. He did this in order to avoid war. 4. Lincoln did what he did in order to not be the first party of the war to take action. He did it to also escape the situation they’d been trapped in for several months. . 6. The National Bank Act of 1 865 established a system of national banks of which eventually developed the banking system we have today. It was important because it encouraged a national currency. 7. From the beginning, it was expected to be a short and low funding war. Walt that being said, the initial (first) war funded by borrowing but e ventually realized that it was much more, so they created the Revenue Act of 1862 which increased taxes drastically including federal income taxes which infuriated supporters Of the war. 8. The government raised the majority of it’s money by Revenue tax stamps. . The majority of the Northern nation was not supportive at all; riots occasionally occurred. They saw these laws to be an intrusion of privacy and a violation of one’s sovereignty. 10. One could avoid by buying their way out of being drafted, or even substitute themselves with another member of their household. 11. Lincoln considered certain parts of the constitution to be â€Å"inconvenient,† in turn often ignoring those specific portions and did what he thought needed be done rather than consulting with congress as to what the constitution states and/or implies should be done. 12. The peace democrats ere a group of people of which believed the North pushed the South to secession. They also believed Lincoln was a tyrant and that the war was a national tragedy. This group was present in the mid-west section of the US including Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. 13. A. ) He justified the suspension by claiming it was in respect of those arrested. B. ) Everyone’ rights were affected as it limited citizens to have an opinion that wasn’t supporting the government. 14. Chief Justice Tangy issued this writ, or formal written order, requiring him to release an imprisoned Maryland secessionist leader. Lincoln swaggered this request. 5. The Confiscation Act declared that all slaves that were used for â€Å"insurrectionist† purposes would be considered freed. The second Confiscation Act declared to free the slaves of the persons aiding and us porting the insurrection (regardless of if the slaves were doing so) and also authorized the president to employ Afr ican Americans, including freed slaves, as soldiers. As a result, with the progression of the war, the North grew to be more accepting Of emancipation. By the end Of the Civil War, slavery had been abolished in two Union slave states and in three Confederate dates occupied by Union forces. 16. The Emancipation Proclamation was the war power act Pres. Lincoln issued on Jan. 1, 1863. This act declared forever free slaves in all areas of the Confederacy aside from those already under Union control (Tennessee, western Virginia, and southern Louisiana). It also did no apply to border slave states. 17. Slaves were often taken from their designated plantations and transported to the front, escaping Northern lines, unable to be returned to their masters. Some slaves joined the Union army, while others stayed with troops to flee to free states. Antislavery impulse gained strength, regardless of the act’s inability to affect certain areas. 8. About 1 86,000 emancipated African Americans served as soldiers, sailors, and laborers for the Union forces. It was only the first few months of the war that African Americans were widely excluded. They were treated very poorly. Many died from disease due to working in unsanitary conditions for arduous hours. Black soldiers were paid a t hird less in comparison to white soldiers, as well. 19. Women were often put in nursing positions whether it’d been by choice or necessity. They also worked as retail sales clerks, office workers, and mill factory hands. Shallowness’ wives often became responsible for managing slave work forces; the wives Of more modest farmers plowed fields and harvested crops. These were all positions previously dominated by men. 20. Although there were several significant exceptions, the Federal government and the Confederate government were very similar (These exceptions included the acknowledgment of the sovereignty of the individual states, and the sanctioning of slavery [of which made abolition nearly impossible]). 21 . The region focused so intensely on producing cotton and other export crops. The departure of so many white males severely diminished the region’s ability to maintain food production. Copious amounts of doctors were conscripted to serve the needs of the military, of which left many communities without any medical care. In effect, the South experienced shortages of everything. Because of this, along with inflation, there was a major instability in Southern society. Resistance to conscription, food impressments, and taxation increased throughout the Confederacy, as well as hoarding and black-market monomer. 22. While raising their armies, many more white Southerners were exempted from military service than Northerners. Conscription was successful for a period of time. Although, after 1862, conscription began to produce fewer men. In early 1864, the government experienced a shortage of manpower. At this time, situations called for desperate measures; the Confederate congress began drafting men as young as 1 7 and as old as 50. 23. The North’s economy was strengthened, thus increasing industry and railroad development. The South’s was weakened because of millions of Lars worth of property being destroyed and the region’s young male population having depleted. 24. The production of weapons was more efficient due to technological advances. Weapons were also stronger and more powerful. 25. A. ) The first battle occurred on July 21, 1861. This battle nearly succeeded in dispersing the Confederate forces, but was unable due to the Southerners taking action in stopping a last strong Union assault and performing a savage counterattack. As a result, the Confederates retreated in an unrecognized manner. When disorganized, as the Union forces were by feat with a short of supplies and transportation, the Confederates did not pursue. Because of this battle, the Union’s morale and the president’s confidence in his officers were destroyed. B. ) The battle of Animate began on September 17. Mescaline’s 87,000-man army attacked Lee’s force of 50,000. 6,000 soldiers died, and 1 7,000 sustained injuries. At the end of the day, as the Confederate line seemed ready to break, the last of Jackson’s troops arrived to reinforce it. McClellan then allowed Lee to retreat to Virginia. This battle only lasted one day. C. ) There were complications for the Union forces n the East, but important victories occurred in the West. Grant moved his his and supplies to an area south of the city. He then attacked Vicksburg from the rear. Vicksburg surrendered 6 weeks later on July 4, due to the fact that residents were starving as a result of a prolonged siege. D. ) Lee attacked Mead’s army once they were perched on the hills south of the town. Lee’s forces Were outnumbered 75,000 to 90,000 and his assault On the Union forces on Cemetery Ridge failed. The next day he ordered a second, larger effort. 1 5,000 Confederates advanced nearly a mile while being swept by Union fire. How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays Chapter Free Essays First Pages editor of the Harvard Business Review, noted that organizations must also undergo significant efforts to protect their human capital. A firm may â€Å"diversify the ownership of vital knowledge by emphasizing teamwork, guard against obsolescence by developing learning programs, and shackle key people with golden handcuffs. â€Å"23 In addition, people are less likely to leave an organization if there are effective structures to promote teamwork and information sharing, strong leadership that encourages innovation, and cultures that demand excellence and ethical behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such issues are central to this chapter. Although we touch on these issues throughout this chapter, we provide more detail in later chapters. We discuss organizational controls (culture, rewards, and boundaries) in Chapter 9, organization structure and design in Chapter 10, and a variety of leadership and entrepreneurship topics In Chapters 11 and 12. Human Capital: The Foundation of Intellectual Capital Organizations must recruit talented people?employees at all levels with the proper sets of skills and capabilities coupled with the right values and attitudes. Such skills and attitudes must be continually developed, strengthened, and reinforced, and each employee must be motivated and her efforts focused on the organization’s goals and objectives. 24 The rise to prominence of knowledge workers as a vital source of competitive advantage is changing the balance of power in today’s organization. Knowledge workers place professional development and personal enrichment (financial and otherwise) above company loyalty. Attracting, recruiting, and hiring the â€Å"best and the brightest,† Is a critical first step in the process of building intellectual capital. How to Lure Gene Y Workers? Commonly. Com, August 17: NP; Mantilla. 2007. How Going Green Draws Talent, Cut Costs. Wall Street Journal, November 13: BIO; and, O’Dell, A. M. 2007. Working for the Earth: Green Companies and Green Jobs Attract Employees. Www. Socializing . Com, 4. 1 environmental responsibility when it recruits on campuses. It showcases the company’s new corporate headquarters, in Measuring, Ohio, that uses 28 percent to 39 percent less energy than a standard office building and is furnished with environmentally friendly materials. Says Nephew CEO Mark Sunny, â€Å"At the end of the day, we are competing with everyone else for the best talent, and this is a generation that is very concerned with the environment. † To meet the growing demand for students interested in working for green companies, Nonstarters, a unit of the giant employment firm Monster. Com, launched Greengrocers. It was the first online recruitment service that focuses on green employment. Econometrical and the Environmental Defense Fund, two environmental nonprofits, are adding their expertise in partnership with Nonstarters. Econometrical approached Nonstarters to create Greengrocers because there is an urgent need to reach and educate environmentally ‘agnostic’ audiences, in this case college students, about the ways they can address climate change and other serious environmental problems,† claims Mark Cockroach, vice president and general manager at Nonstarters. Environmental sustainability To illustrate such inter dependence, poor hiring impedes the effectiveness of development and retention processes. In a similar vein, ineffective retention efforts place additional burdens on hiring and development. Consider the following anecdote, provided by Jeffrey Prefer of the Stanford University Business School: Not long ago, I went to a large, fancy San Francisco law firm?where they treat their associates like dog do and where the turnover is very high. I asked the managing partner about the turnover rate. He said, â€Å"A few years ago, it was 25 percent, and now we’re up to 30 percent. I asked him how the firm had responded to that trend. He said, â€Å"We increased our recruiting. † So I asked him, â€Å"What kind of doctor would you be if your patient was bleeding faster and faster, and your only response was to increase the speed of the transfusion? 29 Clearly, stepped-up recruiting is a poor substitute for weak retention. Although there are no simple, easy-to-apply answers, we can learn from what leading-edge firms are doing to attract, develop, and retain human capital in today’s highly competitive marketplace. 30 Before moving on, Strategy Spotlight 4. 1 add resses the importance of firm’s â€Å"green† or environmental sustainability strategy in attracting young talent. Deserted chic 118-155. Tend 124 Attracting Human Capital All we can do is bet on the people we pick. So my whole Job is picking the right people. Jack Welch, former chairman, General Electric Company 31 The first step in the process of building superior human capital is input control: attracting and selecting the right person. Human resource professionals often approach employee selection from a â€Å"lock and key’ mentality?that is, fit a key (a Job candidate) into a lock (the Job). Such an approach involves a thorough analysis of the errors and the Job. Only then can the right decision be made as to how well the two will fit together. How can you fail, the theory goes, if you get a precise match of knowledge, ability, and skill profiles? Frequently, however, the precise matching approach places its emphasis on task-specific skills (e. G. , motor skills, specific information processing capabilities, and communication skills) and puts less emphasis on the broad general knowledge and experience, social skills, values, beliefs, and attitudes of employees. Many have questioned the precise matching approach. They argue that firms can identify top performers by focusing on key employee mind-sets, attitudes, social skills, and general orientations. If they get these elements right, the task-specific skills can be learned quickly. This does not imply, however, that task-specific skills are unimportant; rather, it suggests that the requisite skill sets must be viewed as a necessary but not sufficient condition. ) This leads us to a popular phrase today and serves as the title of the next section. â€Å"Hire for Attitude, Train for Skill† Organizations are increasingly emphasizing general knowledge and experience, social skills, values, beliefs, and attitudes of employees. 32 Consider Southwest Airlines’ hiring practices, which focus on employee values and attitudes. Given its strong team orientation, Southwest uses an â€Å"indirect† approach. For example, the interviewing team asks a group of employees to prepare a five- minute presentation about themselves. During the presentations, interviewers observe which candidates enthusiastically support their peers and which candidates focus on polishing their own presentations while the others are presenting. 33 The roomer are, of course, favored. Alan Cooper, president of Cooper Software, Inc. , in Palo Alto, California, goes further. He cleverly uses technology to hone in on the problem- solving ability of his applicants and their attitudes before an interview even takes place. He has devised a â€Å"Bozo Filter,† an online test that can be applied to any industry. Before you spend time on whether Job candidates will work out satisfactorily, find out how their minds work. Cooper advised, â€Å"Hiring was a black see our test. It’s a self-administering bozo filter. â€Å"34 How does it work? The online test asks questions designed to see how prospective employees approach provisioning tasks. For example, one key question asks software engineer applicants to design a table-creation software program for Microsoft Word. Candidates provide pencil sketches and a description of the new user interface. Another question used for design communicators asks them to develop a marketing strategy for a new touch- tone phone?directed at consumers in the year 1850. Candidates e-mail their answers back to the company, and the answers are circulated around the firm to solicit feedback. Only candidates with the highest marks get interviews. Sound Recruiting Approaches and Networking Companies that take hiring seriously must also take recruiting seriously. The number of Jobs that successful knowledgeableness companies must fill is astonishing. Ironically, many companies still have no shortage of applicants. For example, Google, ranked fourth on Fortune’s 2009 â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work For,† still attracts 777,000 applicants a year?even though hiring has slowed. 35 The challenge becomes having the right Job candidates, not the greatest number of them. Resources 125 Deserted chic 118-155. And 125 11/11/09 PM GE Medical Systems, which builds CT scanners and magnetic resonance imaging (MR.) systems, relies extensively on networking. They have found that current employees are the best source for new ones. Recently, Steven Potshot, head of staffing and leadership development, made a few simple changes to double the number of referrals. First, he simplified the process?no complex forms, no bureaucracy, and so on. Second, he increased incentives. Everyone referring a qualified candidate received a gift certificate from Sears. For referrals who were hired, the â€Å"bounty’ increases to $2,000. Although this may sound like a lot of money, it is â€Å"peanuts† compared to the $1 5,000 to $20,000 fees that GE typically pays to headhunters for each person hired. 6 Also, when someone refers a former colleague or friend for a Job, his or her credibility is on the line. Thus, employees will be careful in recommending people for employment unless they are reasonably confident that these people are good candidates. This provides a good â€Å"screen† for the firm in deciding whom to hire. Hiring the right people makes things a lot easier: fewer rules and regulations, less nee d for monitoring and hierarchy, and greater initialization f organizational norms and objectives. Consider some of the approaches that retire, people in this demographic group are becoming more and more important in today’s workforce. We also provide some â€Å"tips† on how to get hired. We address these issues in Exhibit 4. 3. Developing Human Capital It is not enough to hire top-level talent and expect that the skills and capabilities of those employees remain current throughout the duration of their employment. Rather, training and development must take place at all levels of the organization. 37 For example, Selection assembles printed circuit boards and other components for TTS Silicon Valley clients. 38 Its employees receive an average of 95 hours of company- provided training each year. Chairman Winston Chem. observed, â€Å"Technology changes so fast that we estimate 20 percent of an engineer’s knowledge becomes obsolete each year. Training is an obligation we owe to our employees. If you want high growth and high quality, then training is a big part of the equation. † Although the financial returns on training may be hard to calculate, most experts believe it is essential. One company that has calculated the benefit from training is Motorola. Every dollar spent on training returns $30 in productivity gains over the following three years. In addition to training and developing human capital, firms must encourage widespread involvement, monitor and track employee development, and evaluate human capital. 39 Encouraging Widespread Involvement Developing human capital requires the active involvement of leaders at all levels. It won’t be successful if it is viewed only as the responsibility of the human resources department. Each year at General Electric, 200 facilitators, 30 officers, 30 human resource executives, and many young managers actively participate in Gee’s orientation program at Correlation, its training center outside New York City. How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays How did the mercantilism system work? Explain how the â€Å"mother country’ benefited from having colonies. A. The government was in charge of all economic activity the way to promote power. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now They establish special boundaries. All trades was controlled, so that more wealth entered the country from which he left. B. The roll of the colonies was to serve interest of mother country by producing marketable raw materials and import manufactured goods. Commerce was the base of the empire, not the extension of land. 2. How did the development of the English colonies defer from each other? In what ways were the other Empires affected by English expansion? How were the Native Americans affected? A. New York was traded after the English-Dutch battle, the natives was used as allied for battles against French army. B. Carolina was founded by decree, as a barrier for Spanish expansion, Carolina was the colony of the colony, again the natives was used as allies and the Carolina settles encouraged natives to fight against Florida natives. The settles In Carolina established their own rules and the rules were extreme, Slavery was coded and provides absolute power to proprietors. C. Pennsylvania, the last English colony established by William Penn. The land was granted to Penn as pay of debt, England granted Pennsylvania and Delaware. Initially the land protected Quakers. Mr.. Penn trade other land now named New Jersey and the Quakers decide to do the land for farmers not large land owners like New York. All the territory was governed under Quaker principles, among them the equality for persons (including, women, blacks and Indians) Penn trade land with Indians and offered refuges, he was a pacifist and did not promote wars between groups. D. Dutch empire lost New York and commerce; they should accept the English rule. Spanish empire was affected as well when the settlers arrived to Carolina to stop the Spanish expansion, Carolina settlers promoted the war between tribes weakening the Spanish Empire. And we cannot forget the English empire who was beneficial of all colonies, they payee tributes and was support for a stronger English empire. 3. What changes were seen In the systems of labor in the English colonies during this period? What caused these changes to occur as rapidly as they did? What other areas of life were affected by these changes? A. With the Indian population wiped by health OFF do the monotonous work in the sugar and Tobacco plantations, the colonies did massive importations of slaves from Africa. Rapidly the Africans grow in numbers. At the beginning there was white and black servants and a law existed for them, however was not the same, for example the whites had a term for service and the blacks did not, then Virginia was the most extreme and rude with the laws for slaves, they establish the blacks never will be free and no one was born free, the sons were born from a slave remained as slaver for the owner. B. For 1700 blacks constituted ore than 10% of the population and 50 years later they were half. Virginia changed from a society with slaves to a slave society per the hard rules against blacks. 4. What made the colonies so diverse? How did the various populations interact with one another? How did this affect other areas of life? A. The way that was each colony was formed contributed to the development of it, the small farmers in the north did not any comparison with the slavery in the south, and that was basically organized per the settlers, while in Pennsylvania they have equal rights for all, in Virginia they believed in supremacy of the race. The migration took an important part on the diversification, English was the first, they promote the migration at the beginning and almost 90% of the population was from England, The German migrations helps to the diversification, the was persecuted because religion differences. C. The Indians were another groups in the colonies, some treated like slaves and in other places as a refugees, but part of the diversity. D. And the most impo rtant group the blacks, they came to America to work and many lost their right, they have an owner. Chapter 4 â€Å"Slavery and Empire† â€Å"Slave Cultures and Slave Resistance† An Empire of Freedom† â€Å"The Public Sphere†- Choose two sub-topics â€Å"Imperial Rivalries†- Choose only one sub-topic â€Å"Battle for the Continent†- Choose one sub-topic and read the â€Å"Colonial Identities† sub-topic 5. How was the slavery system developed and perpetuated in the British colonies? What purpose did it serve? A. The slavery was developed because that was a very good business for all the parts involved b. The slaves were used in plantations basically sugar, rice, and Tobacco. 6. How did the slaves develop their own culture independent of the colonists? What did they do to fight their enslavement? . If 7. How did England perceive itself? Why did the men in power seemingly ignore the injustice of slavery? A. If of the Revolutionary War approached? A. If Primary Sources Complaint of an Indentured Servant (1756) Pontiac, Two Speeches (1762 and 1763) 9. How do the primary source readings fit in with these chapters? What do they teach you about the actual individuals who lived through this period? 10. What is the benefit of using and studying primary sources? How does this affect your understanding of the events of the past? Why is it necessary to read more than secondary sources? How to cite Chapter, Papers Chapter Free Essays Volcano erupting in Hawaii because Peel upset. Must make Peel happy to stop volcano. Names in Sociology Berger – seeing the general in the particular (making the familiar strange) Mills – Sociological Imagination comet (1837) Social physics / positivism Theological Metaphysical Human equality to what is going on in their life Scientific process to what is going on in their life All issues are happening because of a scientific process Harriet Martinets Female in a man’s world Translated Comet’ into English Early Feminist and very dominate Research methods Women’s issues Father disowned her @ early age of 21 Karl Marx Materialism Class conflict Philosopher Bi-polar Wrote about economic institutions of capitalism Market will control itself Excessive focus on materialism how the focus of stuff effects the relationship; managing works The essence of conflicts impacts institutions Max Weber 1 SST sociologist Suffered from severe depression How religion institution drive the economic structure Persistent – research until you have understand what is going on Mile Druthers Statistics Social facts Number guy – census data collector Positivistic sociology Suicide Anomie Enormousness – loss of normal Not dependable George Simmer Urban sociology Study of structures of groups in cities (Group dynamics) Names in Sociology in the US Robert Park Father of Sociology Started the 1st dept. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of sociology in 1910@ the Univac. Of Chicago Charles Cooley â€Å"looking-glass self† Your participation in groups is influenced on how people see you George Herbert Mead W. E. B. DUBIOUS 1st African American male to Received PhD from Harvard Expounded the NAACP Asked to teach sociology @ Atlanta University Developed the concept of â€Å"double consciousness† How people react differently with different situation Jane Addams Hull House Social worked Nobel prize (1931) Theories – Explain, Describe, Predict; Life structurally runs on theories Functionalism – what is the reason? Organism – How the human body works – made up of systems Manifest / latent Manifest function – positive outcome Latent function – positive or negative outcome Social consensus â€Å"reasons’ Microbiology – Looking for big picture Conflict – Competing interest (limited goods), Societal driving force , Exists on all levels Initiates change Power Gender/age Political Economic Microbiology – generally concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis Society functions on conflict Conflict is mostly about limited goods – Have / Have Not Conflict theory views society from exactly the opposite of perspective Conflict is good for society cause it represents change There has and always will be conflict between workers entrepreneurs (I. E†¦. Why unions were created) Feminist Theory – Conflict model where gender is concerned / Political reform Symbolic Interactions Interpretation of symbols Face to face inte ractions Creating reality Microbiology (Seeks to understand local international context) Max Weber Interpretive sociology Persistent Post Modernism: Sometimes part of all of the above theories Fast changing interactions Subjective / objective Given the pace of the world today, it is all of the above theories, embrace all Midrange Theory: Social institutions focus Booker T Washington W. E. B Dubious Civil Rights Institutions are a very strong influence on groups behavior Attempt to predict how certain social institutions tend to function Sociology Connect to History (events, social change) Anthropology (study of culture) Psychology (social psychology) Political science (power governmental institution) Example: Explain Marriage with man duties vs.. Male duties Functionalism – because that is how they were raised or taught Conflict – males w/ more power Feminist – more women working to gain more power Symbolic – the two parties setting ground rules with each other regarding whom does what CHAPTER 2 How do sociologist due what they do? Majority Minority in a group (in/out group) Social Networks – relations held together by ties (stories), strength of ties, structural ole (kinship gap), lack of communication on each side of hole (Ebay) Social Capital – pre-existing knowledge a person has that helps them enter network value you have that makes you socially interested to the group may be going down due to loose connections, less family togetherness, fewer group vacations, decreased civic engagement Network Analysis (social relationships) – epidemiology, teenage sex networks (hook-up {in tie}, virginity pledges {outside tie}) organization – legal, multiple secondary group, common purpose, boundaries between members (govern behaviors overpayment policy / group structure – immigration (1921 / Hart-cellar Act, 1965) organizational culture – shared beliefs/behaviors organizational structure – structure with power / authority distribution interlocking directorates – m ega – corporations institutional isomorphism – forced sameness of corporations in similar environments – airline ticket prices Chapter 6 – Social Deviance US incarceration rate: . 75% (2. 3 million), 25% of world – criminal Justice (formal deviance). Formal deviance is and expensive proposition because up keep and personal and a lot of time and energy. Social deviance – transgression of social norms {where, when, who (power)} knowing there is a norm out there and you are willing fully violate it relative to where you did it, when you did it, and who saw you do it informal – no societal level consequence – without serious repercussions but could be prolonged formal – with serious repercussions most of your life is filled with informal deviance and informal social control Social control device – bring back norm normative compliance – best social control device in society, by complying with all the norms both formal and informal Druthers (functionalism) – social cohesion (bonds), How to cite Chapter, Papers